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The awfulness of this situation deepens when we remember that this has been going on since the earliest days of psychiatry. Suman Fernando (1991) draws attention to the racist nature of the diagnostic categories used by psychiatrists in the USA at the time of slavery. For example, drapetomania used by an American proto-psychiatrist Cartwright (1851), diagnosed the ‘madness’ of slaves who ran away from their white masters. Savages must be mad if they refused to remain subservient to the White man’s beneficent and civilising influence. More recently Metzl’s (2009) compelling academic research shows how, during the struggle for civil rights, African American protestors were diagnosed with schizophrenia for political reasons.
If there is a single word that is emblematic of the oppression and mistreatment of black people by psychiatry, that word is schizophrenia. Surely it is time to abandon this discredited label, and follow the lead set by ISPS (formerly the International Society for the Psychological Treatment of the Schizophrenias and other Psychoses) whose members voted in early 2012 to drop the word ‘schizophrenia’ from its title.
http://www.schizophreniainquiry.org/news/black-and-mad
Jamaican political sociologist Carl Stone (25) asserted that British colonization and the plantation economy created a warped authority system that engendered personality disorder seen in present day Jamaica. According to Stone, the tensions experienced by the Jamaican people in dealing with issues of authority and power have been muddled since the colonial British Empire and these tensions are compounded by ongoing political struggles in which power struggles of competing ideologies, values and norms have resulted in a disequilibrium of power that has weakened authority in all domains of social space (26). This longstanding struggle for power and authority within the Jamaican culture, combined with high levels of verbal and physical aggression, has been associated with "serious personality disorders in our culture" (26).
In a case-control study of Jamaican patients seen in a private Jamaican psychiatric practice, Hickling and Paisley (27) assessed the phenomenological factor structure of 351 patients with DSM-IV (28) Axis II diagnosis of personality disorder, and a control group of patients matched for gender, age, and social class diagnosed with DSM-IV Axis I disorders, who did not have a diagnosis of personality disorder. Disaggregating the phenomenology, the conventional DSM-IV Axis II personality disorder diagnoses disappeared. Factor analysis revealed that the 38 clinical phenomena clustered into three major themes: power management disorders, dependency problems and psychosexual dysfunction, suggesting a clinical triad that should be situated as a possible Axis I diagnostic disorder of inter and intra-personal power management. Positing a need for redefining the conventional European concept of personality disorder, the term shakatani from the Swahili words 'shaka' (problem) and 'tani' (power) was the name proposed for this revealed unitary condition based on the clinical triad revealed in this study. The work of Kerr and Stone from the latter decades of the twentieth century underlines conclusion that these problems have existed in Jamaica for centuries and are reflected in the personality problems, the institutional disorders and abnormal behaviours that are present in contemporary Jamaica.
http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.p...42012000400026
To put it simply its a dependence disorder , where the blackman denigrates his own to elevate anything lighter than his hue , brown man time, browning, borrowing..hehe, begging,not limited to material but the qualatative cultural or forgein i.e JAZZ IN MOBAY !
If there is a single word that is emblematic of the oppression and mistreatment of black people by psychiatry, that word is schizophrenia. Surely it is time to abandon this discredited label, and follow the lead set by ISPS (formerly the International Society for the Psychological Treatment of the Schizophrenias and other Psychoses) whose members voted in early 2012 to drop the word ‘schizophrenia’ from its title.
http://www.schizophreniainquiry.org/news/black-and-mad
Jamaican political sociologist Carl Stone (25) asserted that British colonization and the plantation economy created a warped authority system that engendered personality disorder seen in present day Jamaica. According to Stone, the tensions experienced by the Jamaican people in dealing with issues of authority and power have been muddled since the colonial British Empire and these tensions are compounded by ongoing political struggles in which power struggles of competing ideologies, values and norms have resulted in a disequilibrium of power that has weakened authority in all domains of social space (26). This longstanding struggle for power and authority within the Jamaican culture, combined with high levels of verbal and physical aggression, has been associated with "serious personality disorders in our culture" (26).
In a case-control study of Jamaican patients seen in a private Jamaican psychiatric practice, Hickling and Paisley (27) assessed the phenomenological factor structure of 351 patients with DSM-IV (28) Axis II diagnosis of personality disorder, and a control group of patients matched for gender, age, and social class diagnosed with DSM-IV Axis I disorders, who did not have a diagnosis of personality disorder. Disaggregating the phenomenology, the conventional DSM-IV Axis II personality disorder diagnoses disappeared. Factor analysis revealed that the 38 clinical phenomena clustered into three major themes: power management disorders, dependency problems and psychosexual dysfunction, suggesting a clinical triad that should be situated as a possible Axis I diagnostic disorder of inter and intra-personal power management. Positing a need for redefining the conventional European concept of personality disorder, the term shakatani from the Swahili words 'shaka' (problem) and 'tani' (power) was the name proposed for this revealed unitary condition based on the clinical triad revealed in this study. The work of Kerr and Stone from the latter decades of the twentieth century underlines conclusion that these problems have existed in Jamaica for centuries and are reflected in the personality problems, the institutional disorders and abnormal behaviours that are present in contemporary Jamaica.
http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.p...42012000400026
To put it simply its a dependence disorder , where the blackman denigrates his own to elevate anything lighter than his hue , brown man time, browning, borrowing..hehe, begging,not limited to material but the qualatative cultural or forgein i.e JAZZ IN MOBAY !