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Leopoldo López
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leopoldo López
Leopoldo López
Mayor of Chacao
In office
2000–2008
Preceded by Irene Sáez
Succeeded by Emilio Graterón
Personal details
Born 29 April 1971 (age 40)
Caracas, Venezuela
Political party Voluntad Popular
Spouse(s) Lilian Tintori
Children Manuela López
Residence Caracas
Website Official site
Leopoldo López Mendoza (born 29 April 1971 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan politician and economist. From 2000 until 2008, López was the mayor of the Chacao Municipality of Caracas. A 2006 Los Angeles Times article describes López as an immensely popular leader of the opposition to Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, as well as a social activist working for "grass-roots judicial reform".[1] He is sanctioned by the Venezuela's Justice and he cannot run for public office until 2014;[2] however in a case brought by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights against Chávez for violating the human rights of opposition candidates by disqualifying them from running for election for administrative reasons in 2010,[3][4][5][6] the court reached an unanimous decision in favour of Lopez.[7]
Contents [hide]
1 Personal and professional life and education
2 Political life
2.1 Opposition leader: target of violence
2.2 Political target
2.3 Banning from public office
3 Political platform
3.1 Education
3.2 Community development
4 Awards
5 Notes
6 External links
[edit]Personal and professional life and education
López was born in Caracas on 29 April 1971, the second of three brothers. López spent his early years studying at the Colegio Santiago de León de Caracas. Between 1989 and 1993, he studied Economics at Kenyon College in the U.S. state of Ohio. He subsequently attended Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government where he obtained a Master of Public Policy in 1996.[8] In 2007, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from his Alma Mater, Kenyon College.[9] In May 2007 he married Lilian Tintori,[8] with whom he had a daughter in 2009.[10]
López' mother, Antonieta Mendoza, is the daughter of Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa, who was Secretary of Agriculture for two years during the brief democratic period from 1945 to 1948. Through her, López is the great-great-great-grandson of the country's first president, Cristóbal Mendoza. Leopoldo López is the great-great-great-great-great nephew of Simón Bolívar.[11]
López worked as an economic consultant to the Planning Vice-President in Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) between 1996 and 1999, and has served as a professor of Institutional Economy in the Economics Department at Universidad Católica Andrés Bello.[8]
[edit]Political life
López cofounded the Primero Justicia political party.[12] In 2007 he joined the political party Un Nuevo Tiempo.[13] López was elected mayor of Chacao in 2000 with 51% of the vote, and re-elected in 2004, gaining 81% of the vote;[8] the LA Times described him in 2006 as "immensely popular".[1]
On 5 December 2009 in the state of Carabobo, López launched the party Movimiento Voluntad Popular. Voluntad Popular (English: Popular Will) aims to overcome poverty without concentrating more power or eliminating the state of law.[14]
[edit]Opposition leader: target of violence
The United States Department of State mentioned actions taken against López by the Venezuelan government in its 2005 annual Country Report on Human Rights Practices. López was suspended in November 2005 from political activity after his term as mayor expires in 2008 because of allegations of misuse of funds; according to the US State Department, the charges were part of "a strategy by the Chávez government to eliminate the political opposition".[15] According to the Los Angeles Times, López says "his real offense is that he poses an electoral threat as he builds a social democratic alternative to the socialist, anti-American 'Bolivarian Revolution'."[1]
According to the Times article, Chávez critics say all government dissidents are being targeted, but "Lopez seems to be the object of a full-out campaign".[1] His aunt was also a victim of violence in Venezuela, shot during a peaceful rally.[16]
As a leader of the Chávez opposition, López says he has experienced several violent attacks: the Los Angeles Times says he has been shot at and was held hostage in February 2006 by armed thugs at a university where he was speaking and his bodyguard was shot while sitting in the passenger seat of the car where López normally sits.[1] According to the LA Times "the killing of his bodyguard was meant to send a message".[1] According to Jackson Diehl, writing for the Washington Post, in June 2008, after López returned from a visit to Washington, D.C., he was detained and assaulted by the state intelligence service.[17] A member of the Venezuelan National Guard, a military corp on command of Hugo Chávez presidency, denounced López as responsible for the aggression and presented a video as evidence.[18]
[edit]Political target
López is among 400 Venezuelans barred by the Venezuelan government from running in the November 2008 elections[19] due to being under investigation for alleged corruption;[20] 80 percent of those barred belong to the opposition.[19] The November elections are crucial for the Chávez administration to remain in control; following Chávez's defeat at the polls in December 2007, López says the government banned them because it knows they can win.[19] As the best known politician on the list, López is contesting the sanction, arguing that the right to hold elected office can only be rescinded in the wake of a civil or criminal trial.[19] In June 2008, López made his case before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in Washington, D.C.;[17] in July, the Commission agreed to hear his case[21] and noted that the two years that have elapsed since López filed a motion asking the Court to annul the ban constitutes an "undue delay".[22]
A poll in April 2008 found that 52% of adults opposed the ban, and 51% thought it was politically motivated.[23] The US State Department said the attempt to rule by decree was "worrisome"; Chávez responded saying that concerns were "overblown".[24]
Although no individuals have been convicted of any crimes and charges remain unproven,[20] in August 2008, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Tribunal – dominated by Chávez appointees[25] – found that the sanction of the Comptroller General was constitutional.[26] According to the Wall Street Journal, six of the seven Supreme Court justices "are sympathetic to the president".[20] BBC News called the list of individuals barred from office a "blacklist", noting that "there is little that Mr López and others can now do that will allow them to take part in November's polls".[27] The Economist observed that López is the "main apparent target" of the "decision by the auditor-general to ban hundreds of candidates from standing in the state and municipal elections for alleged corruption, even though none has been convicted by the courts".[28] The Wall Street Journal noted that the ban "has elicited comparisons to moves by Iran's government preventing opposition politicians from running in elections in that country" and singles López out as "a popular opposition politician who polls say would have a good chance at becoming the mayor of Caracas, one of the most important posts in the country".[20]
The next day, López and others protested the ruling in a demonstration,[23] until they were blocked in front of a government building.[29] López led protesters on the unauthorized march through Caracas;[30] riot police threw tear gas canisters into the crowd of about 1,000 marchers, protesting Chávez's concentration of power.[31]
López filed a complaint with the Mercosur Human Rights Committee;[32] the Mercosur parliament session was disrupted and the Committee was unable to reach conclusions because they couldn't meet with authorities in Venezuela.[33] José Miguel Vivanco of Human Rights Watch "described political discrimination as a defining feature of Mr. Chávez's presidency", singling out López and the "measure that disqualifies candidates from running for public office because of legal claims against them".[34]
[edit]Banning from public office
In 1998, while López was working for Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) and his mother was the company's manager of public affairs, the company awarded a grant to the Primero Justicia Civil Association, an organization of which López was a member. (The political party, Movimiento Primero Justicia, emerged in 1999 as an offshoot of the civil association.) Because PDVSA forbids donations to employees or relatives of employees, both mother and son were sanctioned from running for public office. Jackson Diehl wrote in The Washington Post that "the charges against López, never tested in court, are a blatantly bogus concoction."[35]
The Associated Press reported that the use of the charges to disqualify López "is a tactic critics say Chavez uses to put his opponents' political ambitions on indefinite hold."[36] The Organization of American States cited the case against López as one of the "factors that contribute to the weakening of the rule of law and democracy in Venezuela."[37] López has challenged these claims by stating that none of those punished had been charged, prosecuted, and found guilty through due processes of law, in direct violation of the Human Rights treatises signed by the Venezuelan government[38] and the Venezuelan constitution.[39]
The government of Venezuela maintains that the sanctions were legal.[40][41][42][43] The Inter-American Court of Human Rights published on 16 September 2011 an unanimous decision, ruling that Lopez "should be allowed to run for office", regardless of previous ban imposed by the Chavez administration.[7]
[edit]Political platform
The Associated Press calls López "the man who is challenging President Hugo Chávez's grip on power."[36] On December 5, 2009 in Valencia forum in Carabobo, López launched Voluntad Popular. The Associated Press reported of the launch, "the mere fact that Lopez's efforts are resonating with ordinary Venezuelans shows that the democratic spirit still burns in the nation of 28 million." López said of the movement, "What we want is to build a new majority from the bottom up - not just through negotiations and agreements between elites. It's a longer road, but for us, it's the only road that gives us possibilities of winning."[36]
[edit]Education
López has said several times that to have better schools the political parties, community organizations and civil society should be organized to consolidate a true bastion of quality education. "We here do not talk about infrastructure, quality of training, staffing of schools; we Venezuelans want to send our children to quality schools, where they can not only learn Castilian or math, but also acquire values and be formed as wholly complete beings ".[44]
He has also made a call to educational communities, similar to a PTA, or a popular net (red popular), a school grassroot movement, in each school to ensure the quality of schools and the education received by children and youth. "A people´s net in each school"[45]
[edit]Community development
López said that "... part of the solution is to have community organization and we can fix the situation of Venezuela only by promoting culture, sport and employment".[46]
[edit]Awards
Kenyon College Honoris Causa Doctorate Law 2007.
Premio Transparencia 2008, to the most transparent city mayor of Venezuela, granted by the Venezuela branch of Transparency International[47]
Leopoldo López
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leopoldo López
Leopoldo López
Mayor of Chacao
In office
2000–2008
Preceded by Irene Sáez
Succeeded by Emilio Graterón
Personal details
Born 29 April 1971 (age 40)
Caracas, Venezuela
Political party Voluntad Popular
Spouse(s) Lilian Tintori
Children Manuela López
Residence Caracas
Website Official site
Leopoldo López Mendoza (born 29 April 1971 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan politician and economist. From 2000 until 2008, López was the mayor of the Chacao Municipality of Caracas. A 2006 Los Angeles Times article describes López as an immensely popular leader of the opposition to Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, as well as a social activist working for "grass-roots judicial reform".[1] He is sanctioned by the Venezuela's Justice and he cannot run for public office until 2014;[2] however in a case brought by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights against Chávez for violating the human rights of opposition candidates by disqualifying them from running for election for administrative reasons in 2010,[3][4][5][6] the court reached an unanimous decision in favour of Lopez.[7]
Contents [hide]
1 Personal and professional life and education
2 Political life
2.1 Opposition leader: target of violence
2.2 Political target
2.3 Banning from public office
3 Political platform
3.1 Education
3.2 Community development
4 Awards
5 Notes
6 External links
[edit]Personal and professional life and education
López was born in Caracas on 29 April 1971, the second of three brothers. López spent his early years studying at the Colegio Santiago de León de Caracas. Between 1989 and 1993, he studied Economics at Kenyon College in the U.S. state of Ohio. He subsequently attended Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government where he obtained a Master of Public Policy in 1996.[8] In 2007, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws Degree from his Alma Mater, Kenyon College.[9] In May 2007 he married Lilian Tintori,[8] with whom he had a daughter in 2009.[10]
López' mother, Antonieta Mendoza, is the daughter of Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa, who was Secretary of Agriculture for two years during the brief democratic period from 1945 to 1948. Through her, López is the great-great-great-grandson of the country's first president, Cristóbal Mendoza. Leopoldo López is the great-great-great-great-great nephew of Simón Bolívar.[11]
López worked as an economic consultant to the Planning Vice-President in Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) between 1996 and 1999, and has served as a professor of Institutional Economy in the Economics Department at Universidad Católica Andrés Bello.[8]
[edit]Political life
López cofounded the Primero Justicia political party.[12] In 2007 he joined the political party Un Nuevo Tiempo.[13] López was elected mayor of Chacao in 2000 with 51% of the vote, and re-elected in 2004, gaining 81% of the vote;[8] the LA Times described him in 2006 as "immensely popular".[1]
On 5 December 2009 in the state of Carabobo, López launched the party Movimiento Voluntad Popular. Voluntad Popular (English: Popular Will) aims to overcome poverty without concentrating more power or eliminating the state of law.[14]
[edit]Opposition leader: target of violence
The United States Department of State mentioned actions taken against López by the Venezuelan government in its 2005 annual Country Report on Human Rights Practices. López was suspended in November 2005 from political activity after his term as mayor expires in 2008 because of allegations of misuse of funds; according to the US State Department, the charges were part of "a strategy by the Chávez government to eliminate the political opposition".[15] According to the Los Angeles Times, López says "his real offense is that he poses an electoral threat as he builds a social democratic alternative to the socialist, anti-American 'Bolivarian Revolution'."[1]
According to the Times article, Chávez critics say all government dissidents are being targeted, but "Lopez seems to be the object of a full-out campaign".[1] His aunt was also a victim of violence in Venezuela, shot during a peaceful rally.[16]
As a leader of the Chávez opposition, López says he has experienced several violent attacks: the Los Angeles Times says he has been shot at and was held hostage in February 2006 by armed thugs at a university where he was speaking and his bodyguard was shot while sitting in the passenger seat of the car where López normally sits.[1] According to the LA Times "the killing of his bodyguard was meant to send a message".[1] According to Jackson Diehl, writing for the Washington Post, in June 2008, after López returned from a visit to Washington, D.C., he was detained and assaulted by the state intelligence service.[17] A member of the Venezuelan National Guard, a military corp on command of Hugo Chávez presidency, denounced López as responsible for the aggression and presented a video as evidence.[18]
[edit]Political target
López is among 400 Venezuelans barred by the Venezuelan government from running in the November 2008 elections[19] due to being under investigation for alleged corruption;[20] 80 percent of those barred belong to the opposition.[19] The November elections are crucial for the Chávez administration to remain in control; following Chávez's defeat at the polls in December 2007, López says the government banned them because it knows they can win.[19] As the best known politician on the list, López is contesting the sanction, arguing that the right to hold elected office can only be rescinded in the wake of a civil or criminal trial.[19] In June 2008, López made his case before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in Washington, D.C.;[17] in July, the Commission agreed to hear his case[21] and noted that the two years that have elapsed since López filed a motion asking the Court to annul the ban constitutes an "undue delay".[22]
A poll in April 2008 found that 52% of adults opposed the ban, and 51% thought it was politically motivated.[23] The US State Department said the attempt to rule by decree was "worrisome"; Chávez responded saying that concerns were "overblown".[24]
Although no individuals have been convicted of any crimes and charges remain unproven,[20] in August 2008, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Tribunal – dominated by Chávez appointees[25] – found that the sanction of the Comptroller General was constitutional.[26] According to the Wall Street Journal, six of the seven Supreme Court justices "are sympathetic to the president".[20] BBC News called the list of individuals barred from office a "blacklist", noting that "there is little that Mr López and others can now do that will allow them to take part in November's polls".[27] The Economist observed that López is the "main apparent target" of the "decision by the auditor-general to ban hundreds of candidates from standing in the state and municipal elections for alleged corruption, even though none has been convicted by the courts".[28] The Wall Street Journal noted that the ban "has elicited comparisons to moves by Iran's government preventing opposition politicians from running in elections in that country" and singles López out as "a popular opposition politician who polls say would have a good chance at becoming the mayor of Caracas, one of the most important posts in the country".[20]
The next day, López and others protested the ruling in a demonstration,[23] until they were blocked in front of a government building.[29] López led protesters on the unauthorized march through Caracas;[30] riot police threw tear gas canisters into the crowd of about 1,000 marchers, protesting Chávez's concentration of power.[31]
López filed a complaint with the Mercosur Human Rights Committee;[32] the Mercosur parliament session was disrupted and the Committee was unable to reach conclusions because they couldn't meet with authorities in Venezuela.[33] José Miguel Vivanco of Human Rights Watch "described political discrimination as a defining feature of Mr. Chávez's presidency", singling out López and the "measure that disqualifies candidates from running for public office because of legal claims against them".[34]
[edit]Banning from public office
In 1998, while López was working for Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) and his mother was the company's manager of public affairs, the company awarded a grant to the Primero Justicia Civil Association, an organization of which López was a member. (The political party, Movimiento Primero Justicia, emerged in 1999 as an offshoot of the civil association.) Because PDVSA forbids donations to employees or relatives of employees, both mother and son were sanctioned from running for public office. Jackson Diehl wrote in The Washington Post that "the charges against López, never tested in court, are a blatantly bogus concoction."[35]
The Associated Press reported that the use of the charges to disqualify López "is a tactic critics say Chavez uses to put his opponents' political ambitions on indefinite hold."[36] The Organization of American States cited the case against López as one of the "factors that contribute to the weakening of the rule of law and democracy in Venezuela."[37] López has challenged these claims by stating that none of those punished had been charged, prosecuted, and found guilty through due processes of law, in direct violation of the Human Rights treatises signed by the Venezuelan government[38] and the Venezuelan constitution.[39]
The government of Venezuela maintains that the sanctions were legal.[40][41][42][43] The Inter-American Court of Human Rights published on 16 September 2011 an unanimous decision, ruling that Lopez "should be allowed to run for office", regardless of previous ban imposed by the Chavez administration.[7]
[edit]Political platform
The Associated Press calls López "the man who is challenging President Hugo Chávez's grip on power."[36] On December 5, 2009 in Valencia forum in Carabobo, López launched Voluntad Popular. The Associated Press reported of the launch, "the mere fact that Lopez's efforts are resonating with ordinary Venezuelans shows that the democratic spirit still burns in the nation of 28 million." López said of the movement, "What we want is to build a new majority from the bottom up - not just through negotiations and agreements between elites. It's a longer road, but for us, it's the only road that gives us possibilities of winning."[36]
[edit]Education
López has said several times that to have better schools the political parties, community organizations and civil society should be organized to consolidate a true bastion of quality education. "We here do not talk about infrastructure, quality of training, staffing of schools; we Venezuelans want to send our children to quality schools, where they can not only learn Castilian or math, but also acquire values and be formed as wholly complete beings ".[44]
He has also made a call to educational communities, similar to a PTA, or a popular net (red popular), a school grassroot movement, in each school to ensure the quality of schools and the education received by children and youth. "A people´s net in each school"[45]
[edit]Community development
López said that "... part of the solution is to have community organization and we can fix the situation of Venezuela only by promoting culture, sport and employment".[46]
[edit]Awards
Kenyon College Honoris Causa Doctorate Law 2007.
Premio Transparencia 2008, to the most transparent city mayor of Venezuela, granted by the Venezuela branch of Transparency International[47]
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