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  • #16
    The good ones are only as vulnerable as the old lot if the old lot are still around or if the new ones are really the old ones in sheep's clothing.

    Remember in the US which uses the almost the same kind of electoral system (first-past-the-post with 2 very dominant parties) the Democratic Party with Barack Obama today (and Kennedy and Franklin Roosevelt in the past) was the the Democratic Party which was the bedrock of the slave-holding, racist Confederacy only 5 generations before.

    Likewise the Republican Party that "boasts" Richard Nixon and George W. Bush in recent times is the Republican Party which really boasted Lincoln and Eisenhower in the past.

    So the new ones are not necessarily as vulnerable as the old ones.

    Besides if they were, why would changing the system even work? Why wouldn't the new ones just be as corrupt as the old ones and just ignore the constitution (and any changes you might propose) as it suits them? Notice how they all ignored the plain-as-day clauses preventing foreign citizenship? And only when either figured they could gain from resorting to the actual clause that it was invoked?</SPAN></SPAN>


    The U.S electoral system has in place checks and balances that deal with abuses of power, it also has in place safe gaurds that deal with conflict of interest isssues specifically as it relates to the Head of Government the President and his leave of past offices, i.e Senate, Gov or any governmental seat.

    To answer your question which you already answered why would it work, they could ignore the constitution and use it only to their gain, well that’s the point.e.g If Bruce as the P.M used his office to show favor to his constituents and it was written in our Law that such an act is an act of Treason, punishable by death or impeachment, mandated by a nation wide vote, do you think he would think twice about handing over Dudus?

    I mean our constitution must have teeth, and if both parties know they have laws to keep them in check, which they can use against each other for political gain for the benefit of the people in place, chuss mi it will be used.


    The idea that people are vassel to a system is only true if the people believe so themselves. In that case, no new system imposed on them or given to them will change that as they will still have the vassel mentality. There is no possible way that the majority can truly be vassel to any system if they don't want to be and this has been proven time and time again in places as far away as South Africa and Eastern Europe.

    Besides, why is it that the same system and nearly identical constitution doesn't make the people of Barbados or Canada into vassels? It can't be because of colour (Bimsters are black, Canadians are white), climate (snowy Canada, sunny Barbados) or history (Canada a settler colony and Bim a slave colony). It might be because of education (Canada and Bim take education seriously, out here we don't and our parties play around with it as part of election gimmicks).

    Ultimately what you are proposing may well follow the route of other legislation out here - good on paper but never enforced. If you have a corrupt bunch of politicians, why on earth would they actually follow the rules that could result in their expulsion, imprisonment or death? It would be like that American phrase of "turkey's not voting for Christmas/Thanksgiving". Ultimately you need a willing bunch of people who will enforce the rules against rule-breakers. No matter how strict the rules, without good people to oversee their enforcement then those rules will be toothless and useless.



    The P.M electoral process in Canada, they don’t have to be an M.P to be P.M! Barbados probably has more men/women of good will and as I said in my 1st response the USA does have a system of checks and balances with obvious political and judicial consequences CC: Nixon and Clinton.

    To your question why the same system almost identical isn’t getting the same results in Jamaica, again you have answered it , its almost identical and that can be the difference in skin colour , or medical health , that one gene is the difference , in our case a multiple of genes are lacking , no many good men/women to lead change , a constitution that’s has abuse written all over it , MPs with conflict of interest and MPs who don’t reside in their district or who have never lived there.

    I could go back further and list a history of a small Island that got drawn into a cold war conflict because it wanted to chart its own history and the devastation it had on our constitution. Our leaders disregarded it for political gain, planting seeds of gunmen/garrisons that mushroomed to the status of Dons. Barbados and Canada were on the right side of the fence in those eras!

    It should be noted that all those systems of constitution are different and cater to their nations needs, or strengths and weaknesses. Jamaica needs to do the same not copycat everything from the US /U.K/Canadian system.

    Jamaicas problems are corruption, twisted in a net of political and narco terrorism, all bearing fruits from an earlier era of the cold war, how should our constitution deal with that?Our constitution comes from a time of colonial rule , we live in a narco/religous terrorist world and we dont have the Queen to govern us , how do we governourselves? Hoping and parying for good people to do the right thing is more spiritual than anything else, If thats the satge we are at as a nation, we are pass being in trouble , we are trouble unto ourselves.

    Well the constitution shouldn'thaveto spell out every last detail. Most don't. I don't even think the US constitution mandates that Representatives live in the districts they represent (in fact I'm 99.9% sure there is no such stipulation in the US constitution). It only mandates that they be of a certain age, be citizens and live in their state (but NOT necessarily in their district). That our constitution apparently is in need of spelling out what should be a commonsense approach is indicative of our regression as a nation in terms of political maturity. If ever a case could be made that Jamaica should be taken under UN Trusteeship (probably by Canada and the UK) then this must be it - we can't even do the simple things anymore.

    Well my friend I would rather we spell it out put it in writing, mandate it, than reach that stage of UN Truteship or forgein invasion. It seems to me it’s a plausible solution. Put it in writing.


    To me it’s the constitution that’s the problem, a nation with weak laws governs no one.

    They say it is the supreme Law of the land.The constitution.



    </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
    Last edited by Sir X; March 24, 2010, 09:45 AM.
    THERE IS ONLY ONE ONANDI LOWE!

    "Good things come out of the garrisons" after his daughter won the 100m Gold For Jamaica.


    "It therefore is useless and pointless, unless it is for share malice and victimisation to arrest and charge a 92-year-old man for such a simple offence. There is nothing morally wrong with this man smoking a spliff; the only thing wrong is that it is still on the law books," said Chevannes.

    Comment


    • #17
      Why is it important?

      Is it alright to have 10 less intense ones that one Mother?

      Is 2010...we haffi leggo dat mindset. Wrong is wrong, we cant ress till dem all gone.

      Comment


      • #18
        Canada ave the same political system we have. You must be an MP to be PM.

        Much of Latin America has the same political system as the US and yuh see their track record.

        Comment


        • #19
          Nah man.

          Noriega get juk because him threaten Daddy Bush finances that were tied up in Panama. Perregine Investments or sumpting like that.

          Comment


          • #20
            nuh bodda wid di wrong is wrong ting. mi preach gainst di whole a dem all di while.


            BLACK LIVES MATTER

            Comment


            • #21
              So we agree then. :-)

              Comment


              • #22
                Originally posted by X View Post
                The U.S electoral system has in place checks and balances that deal with abuses of power,
                Can you outline them for us?

                it also has in place safe gaurds that deal with conflict of interest isssues specifically as it relates to the Head of Government the President and his leave of past offices, i.e Senate, Gov or any governmental seat.
                No it doesn't. Don't confuse combining the roles of Head of State and Head of Government with a supposed check and balance. Remember Cheney and his links to various companies (specifically Halliburton) that got some rather dubious deals under Bush II? Do you believe that if it had been Cheney as president, then things would have been any different? Remember his links with Enron and his use of executive power to bar the disclosure of relevant documents? Or how about the CIA agent's identity being leaked?

                To answer your question which you already answered why would it work, they could ignore the constitution and use it only to their gain, well that’s the point.e.g If Bruce as the P.M used his office to show favor to his constituents and it was written in our Law that such an act is an act of Treason, punishable by death or impeachment, mandated by a nation wide vote, do you think he would think twice about handing over Dudus?
                That scenario you outlined makes a number of assumptions which couldn't apply as I already pointed out:

                1. Who is going to bring Bruce before any court so that he can be tried for such an offence in order for the nation to then vote on whether he should be put to death or simply imprisoned for life? Somebody has to arrest him, charge him and try him, BUT if those somebodies are themselves corrupt the system you outlined would never work.

                2. If the politicians remain the same and the culture remains the same (where people expect and get handouts in return for voting and turning a blind eye) how is Bruce even going to be berated in parliament by his own party, much less be given up by them? Have you noticed the Spencer, Hibbert and dual citizenship fiascoes? Note how the parties stand behind their men (or women) despite obvious violations of existing rules and laws? Why would it be any different with what you are proposing?

                I mean our constitution must have teeth, and if both parties know they have laws to keep them in check, which they can use against each other for political gain for the benefit of the people in place, chuss mi it will be used.
                Yes, but no constitution can have teeth if the political establishment defangs it. It couldn't matter what you wrote in the constitution, as long as enough people who are politicians are intent on corrupting it and enough people vote for them then the constitution will never have teeth. The whole point of corruption is that the normal checks and balances (of whatever system) are ignored or abused so they don't function properly. Remember the Philippines started out with a constitution closely modelled on the same US constitution that you say has all these wonderful checks and balances and they still ended up with Ferdinand Marcos who through corruption got everything changed in his favour.


                The P.M electoral process in Canada, they don’t have to be an M.P to be P.M!
                Look, the PM in Canadian politics is part of the unwritten part of Canada's constitution (just as how having a conscience is supposed to be part of the unwritten aspect of our constitution). Technically a Canadian PM does not have to be an MP but all Canadian PMs have been MPs at some point (either as Senators or members of the House of Commons). There have only been 2 instances where a PM was not at the same time an MP and in both instances the occurrence was quite temporary - the first occurrence was King who had actually lost his seat in the election that his party won and briefly governed as a non-MP before winning a by-election. The second occurrence was Turner who only governed for a few months and attempted to win a seat.

                That's the culture coming out in Canada - they don't want non-MP Prime Ministers so the politicians don't let it occur (at least often).

                Barbados probably has more men/women of good will and as I said in my 1st response the USA does have a system of checks and balances with obvious political and judicial consequences CC: Nixon and Clinton
                In case you forgot, Nixon was pardoned before ever going to court (so much for checks and balances) and Clinton never got punished for sleeping around - they only got as far as impeaching him (which is basically charging him in Congress).


                I could go back further and list a history of a small Island that got drawn into a cold war conflict because it wanted to chart its own history and the devastation it had on our constitution. Our leaders disregarded it for political gain, planting seeds of gunmen/garrisons that mushroomed to the status of Dons. Barbados and Canada were on the right side of the fence in those eras!
                Cuba is no excuse. The Bahamas are even closer to Cuba than we are and nothing happened there like it did here. Plus in Barbados you had Barrow during the first half of the 70s and during the 80s and he did not like the idea of begging Washington for handouts or following Washington like a robot. So why didn't the same thing happen in Barbados?

                It should be noted that all those systems of constitution are different and cater to their nations needs, or strengths and weaknesses.
                No they are not. Bim's constitution is basically a clone of ours. So is the Bahamas constitution and Belize constitution.

                Jamaica needs to do the same not copycat everything from the US /U.K/Canadian system.
                As I pointed out earlier it wouldn't matter which system was followed, as long as politicians are corrupt and society permits them to be corrupt then no constitution geared towards a country's supposed "strengths and weaknesses" will work.

                Jamaicas problems are corruption, twisted in a net of political and narco terrorism, all bearing fruits from an earlier era of the cold war, how should our constitution deal with that?


                Are problems are corruption bearing fruit not from the Cold War but from ourselves. We need to stop trying to pin the blame on others.

                Our constitution comes from a time of colonial rule
                ,

                A widespread misconception, since it was Manley (Norman) and I believe Seaga and some others who actually wrote our constitution and they were under no obligation to copy Britain's model. If you doubt what I say, then you have to explain how it is that Burma managed to get independence a full 14 years before us but did not even join the Commonwealth and established a republic from the onset. Obviously Britain did not force it to remain in the Commonwealth and as much as many out here would like to believe otherwise, they did not force our constitution upon us.

                we live in a narco/religous terrorist world and we dont have the Queen to govern us , how do we governourselves? Hoping and parying for good people to do the right thing is more spiritual than anything else, If thats the satge we are at as a nation, we are pass being in trouble , we are trouble unto ourselves.
                You're right. We are trouble onto ourselves.




                Well my friend I would rather we spell it out put it in writing, mandate it, than reach that stage of UN Truteship or forgein invasion. It seems to me it’s a plausible solution. Put it in writing.
                Yes, that would be preferable, but how do you get it in there without foreign intervention in some form? The only other way would be to get new people (who hopefully aren't corrupt or at least not corrupt in the current sense of sleeping with dons) into the system to shake things up.

                To me it’s the constitution that’s the problem, a nation with weak laws governs no one.
                But as I've been trying to point out before, our laws aren't weak! We have some pretty good laws, but nobody enforces them. Think about the music and tv on the buses and lewdness on radio. There have always been laws against that kind of thing, but nobody enforces it because the politicians can't be bothered and they are corrupt. So if you break a traffic law that would result in the loss of your licence and thus prevent you from driving, all one needs to do is pay some money to the cop and presto - no more violation. How much stronger do traffic laws have to be to prevent a cop from accepting a bribe? The only way one can do that is to basically legalize the bribery and mandate that any traffic violation will result in a heavy fine to be paid to the arresting officer. However that too won't ensure against abuse because it means the cops will now look for patsies who they can intimidate into confessing that they made a traffic violation (so they might just not change the speed they clocked on the speed gun from some car, stop you and then claim you were going above the limit and you can't do sh*t about it because it is their word and the speed gun against you so you either pay them a bribe not to go to court to pay a heavy fine or you cave in and pay a heavy fine).

                Comment


                • #23
                  This is news to me...

                  Prime Minister of CanadaSee original Wikipedia article »

                  From Wikipedia This page was last modified on 24 March 2010, at 01:57.
                  Prime Minister of Canada
                  MINISTRY
                  FEDERAL


                  Incumbent:
                  Stephen Harper
                  PC, MP, MA
                  since 6 February 2006
                  Style: The Right Honourable
                  Appointed by: Michaëlle Jean
                  as Governor General of Canada
                  First : Sir John A. Macdonald
                  Formation: 1 July 1867
                  Term: At Her Majesty's pleasure
                  Residence: 24 Sussex Drive, Ottawa
                  Harrington Lake, Gatineau Park
                  Website: www.pm.gc.ca
                  Canada

                  This article is part of the series:
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                  The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.[1] Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists only as per long-established convention originating in Canada's former colonial power, the United Kingdom, which stipulate that the monarch's representative, the Governor General of Canada, must select as Prime Minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons; this individual is typically the leader of the political party that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber.[n 1][2]
                  The current, and 22nd, Prime Minister of Canada is the Conservative Party's Stephen Harper, who was appointed as such on 6 February 2006 by Governor General Michaëlle Jean, following the general election that took place that year. As with all other Canadian Prime Ministers, Harper is styled as The Right Honourable (French: Le Très Honorable), a privilege maintained for life.

                  Table of Contents
                  1 Qualifications and selection
                  2 Mandate
                  3 Role and authority
                  4 Privileges
                  5 Style of address
                  6 Activities post-commission
                  7 See also
                  8 Notes
                  9 Footnotes
                  10 External links
                  Qualifications and selection

                  Further information: List of Prime Ministers of Canada
                  The Prime Minister, along with the other ministers in Cabinet, is appointed by the Governor General on behalf of the Queen.[3] However, by the conventions of responsible government, designed to maintain administrative stability, the viceroy will almost always call to form a government the leader of that political party which holds the most seats in the directly elected House of Commons.[4] Legally, this may be any citizen of Canada of voting age (18 years and over) – the requirements to gain election to the House of Commons. It is not actually clear as to whether there are age or citizenship restrictions on the position of Prime Minister itself, as it is not necessary for the incumbent to be a sitting Member of Parliament (MP). However, this is more of an academic question since the constitutional conventions involved in selecting the Prime Minister make the appointment of anyone ineligible for election to the House an obvious infeasibility.
                  In rare circumstances individuals who are not members of the House can be appointed Prime Minister. Two former Prime Ministers — Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell — served in the 1890s while members of the Senate;[5] both, in their roles as Government Leader in the Senate, succeeded Prime Ministers who died in office (John A. Macdonald in 1891 and John Sparrow David Thompson in 1894), a convention that has since evolved toward the appointment of an interim leader in such a scenario. It should be noted that the Senate was considered a much more powerful body in the first half century after Confederation. By the 1920s however the Senate had lost much of its original influence, and hence no sitting Senator had been known to have serious aspirations of becoming Prime Minister whilst remaining in the Senate. Prime Ministers who are not Members of Parliament upon their appointment (or who lose their seats while in office) have since been expected to seek election to the House as soon as possible. For example William Lyon Mackenzie King, after losing his seat in the same general election that his party won, briefly "governed from the hallway" before winning a by-election a few weeks later. Similarly, John Turner replaced Pierre Trudeau as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed Prime Minister even though he did not hold a seat in the lower chamber of parliament; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power. Turner was the last sitting Prime Minister to not hold a Commons seat.
                  Should a sitting Prime Minister today lose his seat in the legislature (or should a new Prime Minister be appointed without holding a seat), the typical process that follows is that a junior member in the governing political party will immediately resign to allow the Prime Minister to run in the resulting by-election.[5] A safe seat is usually chosen; while the Liberal and now defunct Progressive Conservative parties traditionally observed a convention of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the New Democrats and other smaller parties typically do not follow the same convention. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, he or she will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in parliament.
                  Mandate



                  Sir John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)
                  The Canadian Prime Minister serves At Her Majesty's pleasure, meaning the post does not have a fixed term; once appointed and sworn in by the Governor General, the Prime Minister remains in office until he or she resigns, is dismissed, or dies.[6] The lifespan of parliament is limited by the constitution to five years, and, after 2007, by the Canada Elections Act to four years, though the Governor General may still, on the advice of the Prime Minister, dissolve parliament and issue the writs of election prior to the expiry of four years; the King-Byng Affair was the only time since Confederation that the viceroy deemed it necessary to refuse his Prime Minister's request for a general vote.
                  Following parliamentary dissolution, the Prime Minister must run in the resulting general election if he or she wishes to maintain a seat in the House of Commons. Should the Prime Minister's party win such an election, it is unnecessary to re-appoint the Prime Minister or again swear him or her into office.[6] If, however, an opposition party wins a majority of seats in the House of Commons, the Prime Minister is required to resign. Should the Prime Minister's party achieve a minority while an opposition party wins a plurality — i.e., more seats than any other party but less than a majority — the Prime Minister can attempt to maintain the confidence of the House by forming a coalition with other minority parties; this option has almost never been entertained in Canada, the last time being in 1925.
                  Role and authority

                  Further information: Queen's Privy Council for Canada


                  Canada's Prime Ministers from 1867 to 1963
                  Because the Prime Minister is, in practice, the most politically powerful member of the Canadian government, he or she is sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada's head of state, when, in fact, that post is held by the Canadian monarch, represented by the Governor General.[7] The Prime Minister is, instead, the head of government,[2] responsible for giving advice to the monarch or the viceroy on how to exercise the Royal Prerogative and executive powers given to them by the written and unwritten tenets of the constitution. However, the function of the Prime Minister, modelled on the same office in the United Kingdom, has evolved with increasing power. Today, as per the doctrines of constitutional monarchy, the advice given by the Prime Minister is ordinarily binding, meaning the Prime Minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign and/or Governor General, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions.[8] As such, the Prime Minister, supported by the Office of the Prime Minister (PMO), controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada's system of governance, including the Governor General, the Cabinet, Justices of the Supreme Court, Senators, heads of Crown corporations, ambassadors to foreign countries, the provincial Lieutenant Governors, and approximately 3,100 other positions. Further, the Prime Minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process — with the majority of bills put before parliament originating in the Cabinet — and the leadership of the Canadian Forces.


                  William Lyon Mackenzie King, the 10th Prime Minister of Canada (1921–1926; 1926–1930; 1935–1948)


                  Brian Mulroney, the 18th Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993)
                  Pierre Trudeau is credited with, throughout his tenure as Prime Minister between 1968 and 1984, consolidating power in the PMO,[9] which is itself filled by political and administrative staff selected at the Prime Minister's discretion. At the end of the 20th century and into the 21st, analysts — such as Jeffrey Simpson, Donald Savoie, and John Gomery — argued that both parliament and the Cabinet had become eclipsed by prime ministerial power;[10] indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a "presidentialisation",[9][11] to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state.[12][13] Savoie quoted an anonymous minister from the Liberal Party as saying Cabinet had become "a kind of focus group for the Prime Minister,"[14] while Simpson called Cabinet a "mini-sounding board".[n 2][16] It has been theorised that such is the case in Canada as its parliament is less influential on the executive than in other countries with Westminster parliamentary systems; particularly, Canada has fewer Members of Parliament, a higher turnover rate of MPs after each election, and an Americanised system for selecting political party leaders, leaving them accountable to the party membership rather than caucus, as is the case in the United Kingdom.[17]
                  There do exist checks on the Prime Minister's power: parliament may revoke its confidence in an incumbent Prime Minister; Cabinet or caucus revolts can quickly bring down a sitting premier, and even mere threats of such action can persuade and/or compel a Prime Minister to resign his post, as happened with Jean Chrétien; the Senate may delay or impede legislation put forward by the Cabinet, such as when Brian Mulroney's bill creating the Goods and Services Tax (GST) came before the upper chamber; and, given Canada's federal nature, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, though it may appear otherwise, executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers,[18][19][20] the sovereign's supremacy over the Prime Minister in the constitutional order thus being seen as a "rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the Prime Minister bows before the Queen, he bows before us [the Canadian people]."[21][22] Either the sovereign or his or her viceroy may therefore oppose the Prime Minister's will in extreme, crisis situations.[n 3] Near the end of her time as Governor General, Adrienne Clarkson stated: "My constitutional role has lain in what are called 'reserve powers': making sure that there is a prime minister and a government in place, and exercising the right 'to encourage, to advise, and to warn'[...] Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three."[23]
                  Privileges



                  24 Sussex Drive, the official residence of the Prime Minister of Canada
                  Two official residences are provided to the Prime Minister — 24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa and Harrington Lake, a country retreat in Gatineau Park — as well an office in the Langevin Block, across from Parliament Hill.[24] For transportation, the Prime Minister is granted an armoured car and shared use of two official aircraft — a CC-150 Polaris for international flights and a Challenger 601 for domestic trips. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also furnish constant personal security for the Prime Minister and his or her family. All of the aforementioned is supplied by the Queen-in-Council through budgets approved by parliament, as is the Prime Minister's annual salary of CAD$301,600.[25] Only about half of this income is specific to the role of Prime Minister, the remainder being the normal salary of a Member of Parliament.
                  Sitting or former Prime Ministers are accorded state funerals, wherein their casket lies in state in the Centre Block of Parliament Hill.[26] Only Mackenzie Bowell and The Viscount Bennett were given private funerals, Bennett also being the only former Prime Minister of Canada to die and be buried outside the country and Bowell the only whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John Thompson also died outside Canada, at Windsor Castle, where Queen Victoria permitted his lying-in-state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in Halifax.[27]
                  In earlier years, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a knighthood on newly appointed Canadian Prime Ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix sir before their name; of the first eight premiers of Canada, only Alexander Mackenzie refused the honour of a knighthood from Queen Victoria. Following the 1919 Nickle Resolution, however, it was against non-binding policy for the sovereign to grant such honorific titles to Canadians; the last Prime Minister to be knighted was Sir Robert Borden, who was premier at the time the Nickle Resolution was debated in the House of Commons. Still, Richard Bennett was in 1941, six years after he stepped down was Prime Minister, elevated to the peerage by King George VI as The Viscount Bennett of Mickleham in the County of Surrey and of Calgary and Hopewell.[28]
                  Style of address

                  Unlike the American protocol of addressing the federal head of government as Mister (as in, Mister President), Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title Prime Minister when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly. The written form of address should use his or her full parliamentary title: The Right Honourable [name], [post-nominal letters], Prime Minister of Canada. However, while in the House of Commons during Question Period, other members of parliament may address the prime minister as The Right Honourable, Member for [Prime Minister's riding];[29] or simply The Right Honourable Prime Minister. Should a former prime minister remain as a sitting MP, he or she retains the prefix The Right Honourable.
                  In the decades following Confederation, it was common practice to refer to the Prime Minister as Premier of Canada,[30][31][32] a custom that continued until the First World War, around the time of Robert Borden's premiership.[33][34][35] While contemporary sources will still speak of early Prime Ministers of Canada as Premier,[36][37][38] the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the Prime Minister, while the provincial heads of government are termed Premiers (save for within Quebec, where the premier is addressed in French as Premier ministre du Québec, literally translated as Prime Minister of Quebec).
                  Activities post-commission

                  After exiting office, former Prime Ministers of Canada have engaged in various pursuits. Some remained in politics: Mackenzie Bowell was appointed to the Senate; R. B. Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the House of Lords;[39] and a number led Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Canadian parliament: John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, William Lyon Mackenzie King,[40] and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as premier (Mackenzie King twice); Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths;[41] Wilfrid Laurier dying while still in the post;[42] and Charles Tupper,[43] Louis St. Laurent,[44] and John Turner, each before they returned to private business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate following his second period as Prime Minister, but resigned his seat to seek re-election, and moved to private enterprise after failing to win a riding.[45] Following Meighen into civilian life were: Robert Borden, who served as Chancellor of Queen's and McGill Universities, as well as working in the financial sector; Lester B. Pearson, who acted as Chancellor of Carleton University;[46] Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who became university professors, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice.[47] Former Prime Ministers also commonly penned autobiographies — Tupper,[43] for example — or published their memoires — such as Diefenbaker and Paul Martin.[41]
                  See also

                  Prime Ministers of Canada in popular culture
                  List of Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria
                  List of Prime Ministers of King Edward VII
                  List of Prime Ministers of King George V
                  List of Prime Ministers of King George VI
                  List of Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
                  Notes

                  ↑ See majority and plurality.
                  ↑ Savoie offered the critique: "Cabinet has now joined Parliament as an institution being bypassed. Real political debate and decision-making are increasingly elsewhere—in federal-provincial meetings of first ministers, on Team Canada flights, where first ministers can hold informal meetings, in the Prime Minister's Office, in the Privy Council Office, in the Department of Finance, and in international organizations and international summits. There is no indication that the one person who holds all the cards, the prime minister, and the central agencies which enable him to bring effective political authority to the centre, are about to change things. The Canadian prime minister has little in the way of institutional check, at least inside government, to inhibit his ability to have his way.[15]
                  ↑ See Note 1 at Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
                  Footnotes

                  ↑ Brooks, Stephen (2007). Canadian Democracy: An Introduction (5 ed.). Don Mills: Oxford University Press. pp. 233-234. ISBN 978-0195431032.
                  ↑ 2.0 2.1 Brooks 2007, p. 235
                  ↑ Office of the Governor General of Canada. "Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
                  ↑ Forsey, Eugene (2005), How Canadians Govern Themselves (6 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, pp. 3-4, ISBN 0-662-39689-8, retrieved 9 December 2009
                  ↑ 5.0 5.1 Forsey 2005, p. 38
                  ↑ 6.0 6.1 Forsey 2005, p. 5
                  ↑ Library and Archives Canada. "First Among Equals: The Prime Minister in Canadian Life and Politics > Alone at the Top > Head of State". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
                  ↑ Brooks 2007, pp. 233-235
                  ↑ 9.0 9.1 Geddes, John (25 January 2009). "Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt?". Maclean's (Toronto: Kenneth Whyte). ISSN 0024-9262. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
                  ↑ Brooks 2007, p. 258
                  ↑ "Time to address democratic deficit", Toronto Star, 27 January 2010, retrieved 27 January 2010
                  ↑ Jackson, Michael D. (2009). "The Senior Realms of the Queen". Canadian Monarchist News (Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada) Autumn 2009 (30): 10. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
                  ↑ Blair, Louisa (2001). Venne, Michel. ed. Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. p. 91. ISBN 978-1550287349.
                  ↑ Savoie, Donald (1999). Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0802082527.
                  ↑ Savoie 1999, p. 362
                  ↑ Simpson, Jeffrey (2001). The Friendly Dictatorship. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p. 248. ISBN 978-0771080791.
                  ↑ Foot, Richard (15 January 2010), "Only in Canada: Harper’s prorogation is a Canadian thing", National Post, retrieved 16 January 2010
                  ↑ MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008), A Crown of Maples (1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 16, ISBN 978-0-662-46012-1, retrieved 21 June 2009
                  ↑ Cox, Noel (September 2002). "Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence". Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law (Perth: Murdoch University) 9 (3): 12. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
                  ↑ Neitsch, Alfred Thomas (2008). "A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta". Canadian Parliamentary Review (Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association) 30 (4). Retrieved 22 May 2009.
                  ↑ Coyne, Andrew (13 November 2009). "Defending the royals". Maclean's (Toronto: Rogers Communications). ISSN 0024-9262. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
                  ↑ Coyne, Andrew (10 April 2002), "A lightning rod for patriotic love", National Post, retrieved 22 May 2006
                  ↑ "GG reflects on mandate during farewell address". CTV. 14 September 2005. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
                  ↑ Privy Council Office. "Did You Know > The Langevin Block from Yesterday to Today". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
                  ↑ Naumetz, Tim (18 April 2007), "Raise boosts MPs' base salary to $150,800", Ottawa Citizen, retrieved 10 December 2009
                  ↑ State Funerals in Canada. "Frequently Asked Questions on State Funerals in Canada". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
                  ↑ Waite, P.B. (2000), "Thompson, Sir John Sparrow David", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XII, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1891-1900, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ Library of Parliament. "Federal Government > Prime Ministers of Canada > Biographical Informarion > BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J., LL.B.". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
                  ↑ Department of Canadian Heritage. "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Styles of address - Federal dignitaries". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
                  ↑ "Canada's Premier Talks; Attitude of the Dominion on the Seal Question", New York Times: 9, 12 March 1893, retrieved 25 January 2010
                  ↑ Grand Lodge of Canada (1884). Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free, & Accepted Masons of Canada. Hamilton: Spectator Printing Co.. p. 15. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ Hopkins, J. Castell (1901). "The Proposed Union of Canada with Newfoundland". The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs (Toronto: The Annual Review Publishing Company) 1902: 449-453. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ "Premier Pledges Canada to Fight Until War is Won", New York Times: 1, 21 November 1916, retrieved 25 January 2010
                  ↑ The Santa Fe (Santa Fe: Santa Fe Magazine) 9: 44. 1914. ISSN 0036-4541. http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfHN...=0CBgQ6AEwBjgy. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ Freshfield, A. C. Haddon (May 1913). "The Distribution of Human and Animal Life in Western Arctic America". The Geographical Journal (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing) 41 (5): 459-460. ISSN 0016-7398. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ "Sir John Sparrow David Thompson". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ Library and Archives Canada. "Politics and Government > Sir John A. Macdonald > The Opponents". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. "John Alexander MacDonald". Queen's Printer. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
                  ↑ Waite, P.B. (2000), "Bennett, Richard Bedford, 1st Viscount Bennett", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XVII, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1941-1950, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ Neatby, H. Blair (2000), "King, William Lyon Mackenzie", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XVII, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1941-1950, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ 41.0 41.1 Smith, Dennis (2000), "Diefenbaker, John George", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XX, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1971-1980, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ Bélanger, Réal (2000), "Laurier, Sir Wilfrid", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XIV, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1911-1920, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ 43.0 43.1 Buckner, Phillip (2000), "Tupper, Sir Charles", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XIV, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1911-1920, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ Bothwell, Robert (2000), "St. Laurent, Louis", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XX, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1971-1980, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ Glassford, Larry A. (2000), "Meighen, Arthur", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XVII, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1951-1960, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ English, John (2000), "Pearson, Lester Bowles", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, XX, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1971-1980, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  ↑ English, John (2000), "Trudeau, Pierre Elliott", in English, John, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, Volume XXII, Ottawa: University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1991-2000, retrieved 18 January 2010
                  External links

                  Comment


                  • #24
                    Oh Really Willi :Similar but not the exact duplicate, correct me If I am wrong.

                    Qualifications and selection

                    Further information: List of Prime Ministers of Canada
                    The Prime Minister, along with the other ministers in Cabinet, is appointed by the Governor General on behalf of the Queen.[3] However, by the conventions of responsible government, designed to maintain administrative stability, the viceroy will almost always call to form a government the leader of that political party which holds the most seats in the directly elected House of Commons.[4] Legally, this may be any citizen of Canada of voting age (18 years and over) – the requirements to gain election to the House of Commons. It is not actually clear as to whether there are age or citizenship restrictions on the position of Prime Minister itself, as it is not necessary for the incumbent to be a sitting Member of Parliament (MP). However, this is more of an academic question since the constitutional conventions involved in selecting the Prime Minister make the appointment of anyone ineligible for election to the House an obvious infeasibility.
                    In rare circumstances individuals who are not members of the House can be appointed Prime Minister. Two former Prime Ministers — Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell — served in the 1890s while members of the Senate;[5] both, in their roles as Government Leader in the Senate, succeeded Prime Ministers who died in office (John A. Macdonald in 1891 and John Sparrow David Thompson in 1894), a convention that has since evolved toward the appointment of an interim leader in such a scenario. It should be noted that the Senate was considered a much more powerful body in the first half century after Confederation. By the 1920s however the Senate had lost much of its original influence, and hence no sitting Senator had been known to have serious aspirations of becoming Prime Minister whilst remaining in the Senate. Prime Ministers who are not Members of Parliament upon their appointment (or who lose their seats while in office) have since been expected to seek election to the House as soon as possible. For example William Lyon Mackenzie King, after losing his seat in the same general election that his party won, briefly "governed from the hallway" before winning a by-election a few weeks later. Similarly, John Turner replaced Pierre Trudeau as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed Prime Minister even though he did not hold a seat in the lower chamber of parliament; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power. Turner was the last sitting Prime Minister to not hold a Commons seat.
                    Should a sitting Prime Minister today lose his seat in the legislature (or should a new Prime Minister be appointed without holding a seat), the typical process that follows is that a junior member in the governing political party will immediately resign to allow the Prime Minister to run in the resulting by-election.[5] A safe seat is usually chosen; while the Liberal and now defunct Progressive Conservative parties traditionally observed a convention of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the New Democrats and other smaller parties typically do not follow the same convention. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, he or she will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in parliament.
                    [edit]Mandate
                    THERE IS ONLY ONE ONANDI LOWE!

                    "Good things come out of the garrisons" after his daughter won the 100m Gold For Jamaica.


                    "It therefore is useless and pointless, unless it is for share malice and victimisation to arrest and charge a 92-year-old man for such a simple offence. There is nothing morally wrong with this man smoking a spliff; the only thing wrong is that it is still on the law books," said Chevannes.

                    Comment


                    • #25
                      Oh sorry, I didnt see this before I posted the above article , so you corrected yourself .
                      THERE IS ONLY ONE ONANDI LOWE!

                      "Good things come out of the garrisons" after his daughter won the 100m Gold For Jamaica.


                      "It therefore is useless and pointless, unless it is for share malice and victimisation to arrest and charge a 92-year-old man for such a simple offence. There is nothing morally wrong with this man smoking a spliff; the only thing wrong is that it is still on the law books," said Chevannes.

                      Comment


                      • #26
                        Reggaemike , Lets just say we see the same thing through the same lenses but have a different interpretation on the objective.
                        THERE IS ONLY ONE ONANDI LOWE!

                        "Good things come out of the garrisons" after his daughter won the 100m Gold For Jamaica.


                        "It therefore is useless and pointless, unless it is for share malice and victimisation to arrest and charge a 92-year-old man for such a simple offence. There is nothing morally wrong with this man smoking a spliff; the only thing wrong is that it is still on the law books," said Chevannes.

                        Comment


                        • #27
                          Nuh probs.

                          Comment


                          • #28
                            Willi I am sure when you use to say " this is not your daddy's JLP" this is not what you meant.

                            Comment


                            • #29
                              Huh?????

                              Comment


                              • #30
                                No probs sir.

                                Comment

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