This just Cannot be Right!!!

[Jangle]

Simpson's case pushed back to Feb 4, 5


BY HOWARD WALKER Observer senior reporter walkerh@jamaicaobserver.com
Thursday, January 09, 2014









Sherone Simpson (centre) is accompanied by her agent Paul Doyle (left) and former MVP teammate Asafa Powell into Conference Room 4 for the start of her doping violation hearing at the Jamaica Conference Centre on Tuesday. (PHOTO: MICHAEL GORDON)


OLYMPIC 100m silver medallist Sherone Simpson will have to wait another month to know her fate after her anti-doping hearing was pushed back to February 4 and 5.

The hearing, which began on Tuesday, was scheduled to last two days but the Jamaica Anti-Doping Commission (JADCO) disciplinary panel could not conclude the case in time.

A key JADCO witness, Dr Paul Wright, was not available, plus a report from the Informed Choice lab in Kentucky that the defence claims proved that the Epiphany D1 supplement contains the banned substance oxilofrine, was still to be delivered to the panel.

Simpson, who now admits to being extremely paranoid in whatever she consumes, will have more agonising days ahead as she awaits her fate.
"Emotionally I am broken down. It is hard for me to trust even my family. If I am given anything I even question my mother. After the test I found out that oxilofrine can come from even sour orange," she noted.

Simpson's former MVP teammate Asafa Powell, who also faces the panel next week for a similar doping violation, testified yesterday for 10 minutes and said he never knew Simpson was also taking the Epiphany D1 supplement provided by Canadian physical trainer Chris Xuereg.

"Did you recommend this to your friend Sherone," asked Dr Jephthah Ford, a member of the JADCO disciplinary panel. "No, I didn't," replied Powell.
Dr Ford continued: "How did you become aware that Chris bought similar supplements for Sherone?"

"This was after the positive test, we sat in my room and started talking because we wanted to find out what happened and that's when I realised that she was taking the supplement," said Powell.

Meanwhile, Professor Wayne McLaughin, deputy dean in the Faculty of Medical Science at the University of the West Indies, Mona, also testified that oxilofrine gave the athlete no advantage.

According to McLaughin, the concentration found in the athlete was too small and in his opinion "would not have any effect or give any advantage to the athlete".

The professor outlined that oxilofrine is more prescribed for hypertension and also referred to a calorigenic that increases the heat production of the body, hence burn fat.

This, he said, is used by weightlifters who want to maintain a certain weight for the different weight classes in competition.

With emphasis on research of the supplements and double-checking with the necessary authorities as to avoid negligence, the cost of sending supplements to labs to be tested emerged.

"Give me an idea of an athlete who for instance has five supplements and ask you to test the five supplements to see if they contain any substance which is stated on the prohibited list. What sort of fee would we be talking," queried Kwame Gordon, the lead attorney for Simpson.

"Five supplements would run in between US$1,000 and US$1,500 (J$100,000 to J$150,000). It's not cheap, it's not cheap," revealed Prof McLaughin.

According to Prof McLaughin, one batch can be tested positive and the other batch of the same product can return a negative finding.

"So if an athlete tests the supplement once, they will have to test again whenever they buy a new bottle, that could be a new cost," McLaughin added

[Jangle]

Some of the comments:

Jdonman1 • 20 hours ago

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The idea of a trial is a farce. It is beginning to sound, look and smell like a conspiracy to destroy Jamaica's Track and Field dominance. If the substance taken does not enhance performance then why this, what appears to be a, Spanish Inquisition!



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  dallo Jdonman1 • 15 hours ago
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  wada and it's 1,000 plus little funny named substances, most of which provide no performance enhancement, is just a nightmare that needs to go away.
  struggling athletes who can't afford lab testing of almost anything they ingest is so vulnerable and are shown no sympathy or understanding. you really wonder about the motive(s) behind a sytem such as this.
  and btw, this is by no means unprecedented. as far back as the 60's when the west indies were kicking butts in cricket, the governing body(the m.c.c), came up with all sorts of rules to thwart the effectiveness of people like lance gibbs who then was the best spin bowler in the world. later on, our fast bowlers were restricted by rules which regulated the amount of bouncers could be bowled etc.
  
  
  
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  Orville_D Jdonman1 • 2 hours ago
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  I think most of the readers of this need to get onto British Eurosport website and see and comment on the rather inane article they put up.
  But all that is needed is honest reporting on this. I think she will get some sort of ban, no doubt. Simply because they could do a test which show that the supplement contained the banned substance - If this test was done at the outset, things would have been different. Also, there is plenty of warning from WADA and the IAAF about the use of supplements. I find it hard to see how they are not aware that not everything is disclosed on supplements
  
  
  
  
  
  

[Gamma]

jadco is doing their master's bidding...

[Jangle]

The WADA list is ridiculous. WADA itself has not opened up it's own findings of its test to the world to be examined by other scientists. Some of these drugs named on their list are so obscure in their effects on performance enhancements. The regular foods that we eat could contain substances that appear on WADA's list. Not everything is put on food labels. This is just ridiculous. I wouldn't want to be a professional T&F athlete.

[Sir X]

Yuh think a Joke ?


THE USE OF HORMONES IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION

by

Weiert Velle
Department of Physiology
Veterinary College of Norway
Oslo, Norway

1. INTRODUCTION

Hormone-dependent sex differences in growth rate have been known for a long time. It has also been known that growth rate and FCE (feed conversion efficiency) are higher in intact males than in castrates. It was natural, then, that the availability of hormones and other natural or synthetic substances displaying hormonal activity led to experiments aiming at their use to increase production. Beginning in the mid-1950s, DES (diethylstilboestrol) and hexoestrol were administered to cattle increasingly in the US and the UK respectively, either as feed additives or as implants, and other types of substances also gradually became available. In general, such treatment has resulted in 10–15% increases in daily gains, similar improvements in FCE and improvement of carcass quality (increased lean/fat ratio). Thus there has been a substantial reduction in the amount of energy required per unit weight of protein produced (1,2), and the economic implications of this have been great.

While the use of hormonally active substances in animal production rose, opposition to their use also increased, because of the theoretical possibility that residues in edible tissues might endanger consumers. The factors leading to the ban on DES in the US, first imposed in 1973, have been described (3). Several reports confirm that DES endangers the health of animals and man, when repeatedly used in large doses (4,5). However, as regards risks due to the presence of residues in meat produced according to regulations, no documented deleterious effects have ever been reported in man, either from DES or any other substance with hormonal activity.

A distinction should be made between the hormones as such, for which the metabolism in the body is relatively well known, and synthetic or other substances for whose metabolic inactivation the body may not possess the enzymes necessary. When natural hormones are used in animal production, claims of zero-tolerance residue levels are not meaningful, since these compounds occur in detectable and highly variable concentrations in body fluids as well as in the tissues of all animals, treated or not (6,7). For other substances with hormonal activity the situation is different. However, when residue levels are extremely low, it seems reasonable to weigh the potential risks against the undisputed positive effects some of these compounds have in animal protein production.

This paper will discuss types of substances with hormonal activity currently in use or under investigation, their effects, mechanism of action, metabolism/elimination, tissue levels, risks to the consumer and their economic importance. Finally, other avenues to increased animal production as alternatives to use of hormones will be briefly envisaged. For the sake of simplicity the term hormone will be used, even if incorrectly, to cover all substances with hormonal activity, whether natural or synthetic. Since much information on the question collected before 1975 has been reviewed previously (8), the main emphasis will be placed here on research since that time.

2. HORMONE PREPARATIONS USED IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION

2.1 Hormones of endogenous origin

These comprise the “classical” steroid sex hormones, oestradiol-17β, testosterone and progesterone. The two former are used either in the free form or as esters, mainly those of propionic or benzoic acid. Esterification generally causes prolongation of the half-life of the compounds in the body by 40 to 50%. The natural hormones having low bioavailability when administered orally, owing to rapid conjugation and metabolic transformation in the liver, they are therefore administered by subcutaneous implantation.

2.2 Hormones of exogenous origin

Of the oestrogens, the stilbene derivatives diethylstilboestrol (DES) and hexoestrol possess high biological activity and have been used most widely. They are active orally as well as by implantation. Other orally active oestrogens include ethynyl-oestradiol, a more slowly metabolized derivative of the true hormone, with higher activity. An oestrogen with an entirely different structure is zeranol, a derivative of a resorcylic acid lactone occurring in the fungus Giberella zeae.

The synthetic androgens comprise a large number of substances, most of which are steroids. Of these, trenbolone acetate (TBA) possesses strong anabolic properties and has received much attention during recent years, used alone or in combination with an oestrogen. Another anabolic steroid is methyl-testosterone.

Of synthetic gestagens, only one will be mentioned here: melengestrol acetate, which stimulates growth in heifers but not in steers, and which can also be used for the suppression of oestrus. Numerous other gestagens also exist, but at present few other than progesterone and melengestrol acetate are used to stimulate growth.

In addition to these substances, numerous others exist, and some of them are used more or less frequently in clinical veterinary medicine. However, clinical applications of hormones are not considered to be of consequence to the consumer, since such treatment is much less frequent than the use of hormones to promote growth.

Hormone preparationsin current use as growth stimulants are listed in Table 1, which also shows modes of application, dosages, etc. It will be noted that almost all preparations currently in use are based on implantation, the site usually being the base of the ear, or less frequently, the dewlap.

3. RANGE OF APPLICATION

In cattle the use of hormones is limited to veal calves and beef cattle. Veal calves are produced mainly in continental Europe, to an extent of about 8 million per year. Research has demonstrated that hormone treatment improves growth rate, nitrogen retention and FCE during the five- to six-week period before slaughter (9,10). Beef cattle, including steers as well as heifers, were treated in large numbers, especially in the USA and the UK, with DES or hexoestrol, administered orally, until the use of these compounds was restricted. During the last several years, practice has changed dramatically in the direction of increased use of implants of natural steroids, synthetic anabolic steroids and the phyto-oestrogen zeranol.

Table 1. Hormonally-active substances used in animal production

http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/x6533e/x6533e01.htm

[Sir X]

Its not uncommon for 11- 12 year olds to start having their periods in the States.

[Jangle]

Its not uncommon for 11- 12 year olds to start having their periods in the States.

It's more common now at 9 years old. I have to put ample supply of powder under my 4 year old daughter armpits.

[Sir X]

Wow,SAF was right they need to stand up to WADA ,the cost of test are astronomical and supplements can enter your body by basic food consumption,yes without actively seeking a supplement.Every packaged meal on the shelf in a supermarket has some kind of preservative supplement.

[Jangle]

Exactly. Why is it that T&F is the only sport subjected to this rigidity?

[Karl]

Re: One batch...

Can occur.

When I was a med. rep. there was a pharmaceutical factory in Mobay (Bogue) - Consolidated Labs. That Lab produced products for a number of pharmaceutical companies and at times 'stuff' went wrong and individual batches of one product or the other hand to be destroyed.

Batches of supposedly identical products where coming out of a lab where 'various configurations' took place between and during production cycles. Obviously 'stuff' happened.

Seeing 'man' run tings...I can understand how there may be an error or errors in production and quality control misses a batch with 'faulty products' or within the batch where not all the products are 'not up to the specifications of the parent company'.

I think Consolidated Labs folded?

Aside: mmmm?
This also adds to the list that shows the athletes are in an impossible situation. Right?

[Mosiah]

It's not just track and track & field.